Greece / Turkey (Pergamon, Attalid Dynasty)

Hellenistic Hair Relieving and Ornamental Morphology from the Pergamon Altar (Gaia Figure)

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Hellenistic Period, Attalid Dynasty (2nd Century BCE), c. 166–156 BCE

A monumental high-relief marble fragment from the Pergamon Altar Gigantomachy frieze (c. 166–156 BCE) focusing on the personification of Earth (Gaia) rising from the ground — her cascading hair locks stylized into corkscrew volutes and spiral ringlets mirroring acanthus scrollwork, with aggressive deep-channel undercutting creating powerful chiaroscuro contrasts.